![]() The size of individual clinical trials is often too small to detect treatment effects reliably. Meta-analysis is a method used to combine the results of different trials in order to obtain a quantitative synthesis. Study heterogeneity denotes the variability in outcomes that goes beyond what would be expected (or could be explained) due to measurement error alone. Differences between outcomes would only be due to measurement error (and studies would hence be homogeneous). ![]() In a simplistic scenario, studies whose results are to be combined in the meta-analysis would all be undertaken in the same way and to the same experimental protocols. In statistics, (between-) study heterogeneity is a phenomenon that commonly occurs when attempting to undertake a meta-analysis. Research study variability considered during meta-analytic, systematic reviews
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